本文总共有两种方式安装 MySQL/MariaDB，分别是 YUM 和 docker-compose 两种方式
一、实验环境
作业系统：CentOS Linux release 7.7.1908 (Core)
二、yum 方式安装 mariadb
1. 设置mariadb的yum源
cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/mariadb.repo # MariaDB 10.5 CentOS repository list - created 2021-03-19 07:41 UTC # http://downloads.mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1 EOF
# 重新构建缓存 sudo yum clean all && sudo yum makecache
2. 安装 mariadb
sudo yum install MariaDB-server MariaDB-client -y
3. 启动 mariadb
# 启动mariadb服务 sudo systemctl start mariadb.service # 查看mariadb状态 sudo systemctl status mariadb.service # 设置开机自启 sudo systemctl enable mariadb.service
4. 初始化 mariadb
初始化mariadb的目的：设置mariadb密码、远程ip使用root访问mariadb的权限、删除匿名用户、删除test库等
# 初始化mariadb （mariadb一定要成功启动才可以执行这一步，否则会报错）
[root@localhost ~]# mysql_secure_installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
haven't set the root password yet, you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password or using the unix_socket ensures that nobody
can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation.
You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.
Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n] Y
Enabled successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.
Change the root password? [Y/n] Y
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y
... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n
... skipping.
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y
... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!
三、docker-compose 方式安装 MySQL
docker-compose.yaml
mysql:
restart: always
image: mysql:5.7.21
container_name: mysql
ports:
- 3306:3306
environment:
TZ: Asia/Shanghai
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: Admin123
volumes:
- /data/mysql/mysql.conf.d:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d
- /data/mysql/lib/mysql:/var/lib/mysql
- /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
- /data/mysql/log:/var/log/mysql
/data/mysql/mysql.conf.d/my.cnf
[client] default-character-set = utf8 port = 3306 [mysql] port = 3306 default-character-set = utf8 [mysqld] port = 3306 character-set-server = utf8 # 打开二进制日志 log-bin = mysql-bin binlog_cache_size = 1M expire_logs_days = 10 max_binlog_size = 128M # 实例标识，不能重复 server_id = 1 binlog_format=MIXED read-only=0 auto-increment-increment=10 # 自增控制，配置不能重复 auto-increment-offset=1 skip-external-locking slow-query-log = on long_query_time = 1 lower_case_table_names = 1 max_connections=1100 max_user_connections=100 max_connect_errors=1000 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 100M innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8 innodb_log_file_size = 200M innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 0 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 10 innodb_sync_spin_loops = 40 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90 innodb_support_xa = 0 innodb_thread_concurrency = 0 innodb_thread_sleep_delay = 500 innodb_concurrency_tickets = 1000 log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1 innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT innodb_file_per_table innodb_read_io_threads = 16 innodb_write_io_threads = 16 innodb_io_capacity = 2000 innodb_file_format = Barracuda innodb_purge_threads=1 innodb_purge_batch_size = 32 innodb_old_blocks_pct=75 innodb_change_buffering=all innodb_stats_on_metadata=OFF sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION